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What exactly are co‑occurring conditions?

A co‑occurring condition is another health or developmental difference that exists alongside ADHD. It doesn’t mean one causes the other, but they can interact in ways that make life more challenging.

In the UK, research shows that over two‑thirds of people with ADHD will have at least one co‑occurring condition. Sometimes these conditions mask ADHD symptoms, or are mistaken for the main issue.

The Top 10 Co‑Occurring Conditions Reported with ADHD in the UK

Here are the most frequently reported conditions that occur alongside ADHD, based on UK clinical and charity data:

1. Anxiety Disorders

Up to half of people with ADHD experience anxiety, including generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety, or panic disorder. Anxiety can be both a result of living with ADHD and a separate condition.

2. Depression

Rates of depression are significantly higher in people with ADHD. This can stem from years of struggling without support, low self‑esteem, or the impact of daily challenges.

3. Autism 

ADHD and autism often overlap. Some people are diagnosed with AuDHD, meaning they meet criteria for both. Shared traits can include sensory sensitivities and difficulties with executive function

4. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)

More common in children and young people, ODD involves persistent patterns of defiance, irritability, and arguing with authority figures

5. Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder shares some overlapping traits with ADHD, such as impulsivity and mood swings, but also includes distinct periods of depression and mania.

6. Learning Differences

Conditions like dyslexia, dyscalculia, and dyspraxia are more common in people with ADHD, affecting reading, maths, and coordination

7. Tourette’s Syndrome and Tic Disorders

Tics – sudden, repetitive movements or sounds – can occur in up to 10% of people with ADHD, with Tourette’s being a more severe form.

8. Sleep Disorders

Between 25%–50% of people with ADHD experience sleep difficulties, including insomnia and delayed sleep phase syndrome, which can worsen ADHD symptoms.

9. Emotional Dysregulation

Many people with ADHD feel emotions more intensely and find it harder to regulate them, leading to quick shifts in mood and strong reactions to stress.

10. Rejection Sensitive Dysphoria (RSD)

RSD is an extreme emotional sensitivity to perceived rejection or criticism, which can trigger intense distress and even physical symptoms.

Why This Matters for Diagnosis

If co‑occurring conditions aren’t considered during assessment, there’s a risk of misdiagnosis or partial diagnosis. For example, someone might be treated for anxiety without recognising that ADHD is the underlying driver.

A thorough ADHD assessment should explore your full history, daily challenges, and any overlapping traits.

Final Thoughts

ADHD is rarely a standalone condition. Recognising and addressing co‑occurring conditions can lead to more accurate diagnoses, better support, and improved quality of life.

If you suspect ADHD – in yourself or your child – understanding the bigger picture is the first step.

Take the First Step Today

Autism Anglia offers a free online screening test to help you decide whether a full ADHD or autism assessment might be right for you.

Take the free screening test now and start your journey towards clarity and support.

You’re not alone in this journey. Whether you’re seeking answers for yourself or your child, Autism Anglia is here to support you every step of the way.

References for Facts & Figures

1. ADHD+ Support – UK statistics on co‑existing conditions:
• 80% of those with ADHD have another co‑existing condition.
• 50% have two or more.
• Anxiety disorders: 25–35%
• Depression: 20–25%
• Learning difficulties: 50%+
• Tics/Tourette’s: 10–15%
• Bipolar disorder: 2–6%.

2. Priory Group – UK ADHD Statistics 2025 – Prevalence and co‑occurrence data:

• Estimated 2.5 million people in England with ADHD (including undiagnosed cases).
• Between 2–5% of UK children estimated to have ADHD.
• Nearly 78% of children with ADHD have at least one other co‑occurring condition.

3. ADHD Foundation – Co‑occurring conditions in children and young people:

• More than two‑thirds have at least one co‑existing condition.
• ODD in up to 40% of children with ADHD.
• Sleep disorders in 25–50% of children with ADHD.
• Tics in up to 10%.